Their claim is that cognitive development brings about a psychological self-awareness in the second year that enables veridical empathic distress and hence appropriate, discerning prosocial behavior. Shes human after all, not a monster (p. A21). As we will see, regulatory cognitive strategies, beliefs, principles, and other processes can remedy these limitations and even promote prosocial moral development. Cognition has thus far played a constructive role in the morality of the good: understanding or awareness of self and other facilitates a progressive maturity of caring for others. With cognitive and language development in the second year and beyond, two more advanced modes of empathy arousal take root and foster more subtle and expanded empathic responding. Martin Hoffman (1 paragraph for M1/M2) + (1 paragraph for D1) M1 M2 Assess the use of Hoffman's empathy theory in building relationships, trust and preventing discrimination, must include; Summary of what Hoffman states about empathy and forming relationships Assess how HPs use Hoffman's theory to build positive relationships with . Doesnt the child actively construct moral schemas? What was Johannes Volkelt empathy theory? My initial feeling when I was back in my room was that I had escaped with my life. Using modeling analyses, Jan Janssens and Jan Gerris (1992) found that postulating childrens empathy as a mediator between authoritative parenting (including inductive discipline; Baumrind, 1971) and prosocial development (including prosocial behavior) yielded a more adequate causal model than did alternative models of empathy. Empathic over-arousal is the downside of empathys multiple arousal modes: combined arousals (especially if they include self-focused perspective-taking, generating vivid mental images) often account for the post-optimal level of distress, a level that, ironically, can exceed the victims actual level of distress. Personal Dis Theory . Empathy plays a key role in socialization, including parental discipline. PDF Top Lang Disorders Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 282-295 c 2014 - CEConnection The relatively few instances when resonant crying did occur resulted from a cumulative effect: After several instances of an infants showing distress, the other infant did become distressed and started to cry (p. 66). Intense conflicts involving a recalcitrant child are sometimes handled with the consistent, sustained application of a time-out technique whereby the child is sequestered (e.g., placed in a naughty corner, or, for older children, reflection chair) for a period of time. Emotional State of people Since empathy involves understanding the emotional states of other people, the way it is characterized is . Psych Exam 2 - Concept Checks Flashcards | Quizlet
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